Our current energy model is based on coal, oil and gas, three fossil energies so called because they come from the transformation of the organic matter buried in the ground for millions of years. These energies played a fundamental role in our development from the 19thth Century satisfying our needs: heating, lighting, transport and workforce in factories.
The use of fossil fuels places 3 important challenges:
- Global resources, known and supposed, are not unlimited: it is estimated that at the current extraction rate we have 40 to 60 years of reserve.
- Their consumption causes air pollution that already reaches unbearable levels in different regions of the world.
- Their consumption causes the emission of greenhouse gases that distort the climate of the planet.
In this context, nuclear power is struggling to keep its promises
Faced with the remarkable scale of the consequences of an industrial accident, the probability of which is difficult to evaluate, many countries have decided to give up nuclear power. Those who persevere controls the problem of waste storage.
In 2010, France had 1,320,000 m3 Radioactive waste: if they had been kept on the Stade de France lawn, the waste would have reached 150 meters in height. According to the National Agency for the management of radioactive waste, this volume will double by 2030. Among the waste with high activity and long life, there is Cesio 135 which lasts 3 million years or the Palladium 107 has a duration of 18 million years. To date, there is no structure produced by man (barrel, silo, confinement building, etc.) capable of confining hazardous waste in complete safety for more than 200 years.
Solar energy: of course!
Without solar energy, the climate on earth would be frozen
For almost 5 billion years, the sun has transformed hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, releasing considerable energy. This energy is called sun radiation. Did you know that the amount of solar energy that the earth receives at the ground level much greater than all our energy needs? It only takes 45 minutes because the earth has received the same energy that the world population consumes it in a year.
Among the technologies that we must exploit solar energy, the photovoltaic sunny offers two resources:
- Flexibility: Solar energy is transformed into electricity, which allows you to satisfy very varied uses (lighting, heating, transport with trains and electric vehicles and workforce with electric motors)
- A competitive cost price: in France, it would be sufficient to cover 10% of the surface of our roofs to provide all our electricity consumption. The performance of the photovoltaic panels have increased regularly since the 1950s, this report can therefore only decrease in the coming years.
Photovoltaic solar: a revolution in progress
The first photovoltaic panels appeared in the 1950s
Their large development came across two challenges:
- A historically high price.
- The variability of the power produced: photovoltaic panels do not provide the same power according to the season, day of day and weather conditions. They don’t produce when the sun lies.
These limits have made the detractors of photovoltaic solar solar that this energy has been condemned to play a minor role in our energy supply.
Where are we today?
The cost challenge was addressed and the storage was.
Technological progress and spectacular drop in prices
The production of photovoltaic panels has experienced a real industrial and technological revolution to divide its price of 100 from the 80s. Photovoltaic solar has become competitive in all regions of the world. A large French energy company has sold its latest generation of nuclear reactors (EPR) in the United Kingdom on the basis of a price for Chilowattora of € 10.77 C per Chilowattora. During a recent request for tenders, the authority responsible for electricity distribution in Dubai, the electricity and water authority of Dubai contracted with a developer for the construction of a photovoltaic system in the Middle East on the basis of an electricity price of 2.99 C $ per Chilowattora. For smaller surfaces and in our regions, the cost of photovoltaic sunflower is today between 5 and 10 C € per kilowattora.
Prepare for the rapid battery distribution
In the deposit field, the batteries have dazzling progress under the guidance of the automotive industry and the development of electric vehicles. Lithium -ion technologies have nothing to do with traditional acid batteries. Between 2013 and 2017, battery improvement allowed Renault Zoé to multiply its autonomy by 2.5 at the same price, the same size and the same weight. Tesla is about to build a giant battery factory whose production capacity is equivalent to all the production capacity of the batteries existing all over the world and announces a cost of cost divided by 3 In the long term, the storage of hydrogen opens extraordinary prospects with a very high yield and the ability to store electricity for long periods without significant losses, for example from summer to winter.
The photovoltaic solar revolution is in progress
Thousands of users choose to go to the sun every day all over the world. Several years have passed since photovoltaic production skills increased more quickly than nuclear production capabilities. The most dynamic countries today are the United States and China. India, but also some countries in Latin America and Africa, have also started a massive adoption of photovoltaics to satisfy a growing demand for electricity.
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